Word Meaning, Summary, Important Questions Of Chapter 7 The Necklace
| Class 10
Hindi Meaning Of Difficult Words | Chapter 7 The Necklace
1 | Error | a mistake. | त्रुटि | fault, flaw, oversight |
2 | Adorn | make more beautiful or attractive. | सजाना | formalize, decorate, lace |
3 | Anxious | feeling or showing worry, nervousness about something with an uncertain outcome | चिंतित | contemplated, Wistful |
4 | Attic | a space or room inside or partly inside the roof of a building. | अटारी | atari, bay, superstructure |
5 | Cast down | sad or worried | उदास होना | brokenhearted, crestfallen, dejected |
6 | Clerk | a person employed in an office to keep records, accounts, and other administrative duties. | क्लर्क | administrator, cashier, teller |
7 | Dowry | an amount of property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage. | दहेज | layette, dower, portion |
8 | Elegant | graceful and stylish in appearance or manner. | सुरुचिपूर्ण | suave, dainty, urbane |
9 | Embraced | hold (someone) closely in one's arms, especially as a sign of affection. | गले लगा लिया | hug, hold, cuddle |
10 | Enthusiasm | intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval. | उत्साह | prompting, zeal, rapture |
11 | Frightful | very unpleasant, serious, or shocking. | भयंकर | fierce, awful, hideous |
12 | Larks | a bird | भारव्दाज़ पक्षी | skylark, stunt, put-on |
13 | Lodgings | temporary accommodation. | आवास | dwelling, habitat, domicile |
14 | Necessity | the state or fact of being required. | ज़रूरत | need, requirement, needfulness |
15 | Odious | extremely unpleasant; repulsive. | घृणित | hideous, abhorrent, despicable |
16 | Pale | light in colour or shade; containing little colour or pigment. | पीला | faded, insipid, colorless |
17 | Perceive | become aware or conscious of (something); come to realize or understand. | समझना | understand, deem, comprehend |
18 | Petty | of little importance; trivial. | तुच्छ | insignificant, frivolous, measly |
19 | Recall | bring (a fact, event, or situation) back into one's mind; remember. | याद | memorize, retrace, keep in mind |
20 | Reflected | meditated | प्रतिबिंबित | shine back, return, mirror |
21 | Substitution | the action of replacing someone or something with another person or thing. | प्रतिस्थापन | exchange, replacement, swapping |
22 | Admirable | arousing or deserving respect and approval | सराहनीय | estimable, meritorious, creditable |
23 | Affair | an event or sequence of events of a specified kind or that has previously been referred to. | मामला | case, matter, shebang |
24 | Apartment | house | फ्लैट | room, axil, haunch |
25 | Astonished | greatly surprised or impressed; amazed. | आश्चर्यचकित | stagger, startle, confound |
26 | Awry | out of the normal or correct position | टेढ़ा | serpentine, sloping, oblique |
27 | Bewilderment | a feeling of being perplexed and confused. | घबराहट | flurry, palpitation, fash |
28 | Chaplet | a garland or circlet for a person's head. | फूलों का हार | garland, necklace, series |
29 | Chic | elegantly and stylishly fashionable. | सज सजाया | posh, swanky, plushy |
30 | Clasp | grasp (something) tightly with one's hand. | पकड़ | hold, catch, clutch |
31 | Cloak | a sleeveless outdoor overgarment that hangs loosely from the shoulders. | लबादा | macintosh, smock, robe |
32 | Coachmen | a driver of a horse-drawn carriage. | कोच के लोग | jockey, motorist, operator. |
33 | Colleague | a person with whom one works in a profession or business. | साथ काम करने वाला | collaborator, comrade, companion-in-arms |
34 | Content | in a state of peaceful happiness. | संतुष्ट | satisfied, acquiescent |
35 | Convent | a school attached to and run by a convent. | मठ | priory, abbey, cloister |
36 | Crude | in a natural or raw state; not yet processed or refined. | अपरिष्कृत | unrefined, unsophisticated, coarse |
37 | Decently | in a way that conforms with generally accepted standards of respectable or moral behaviour. | सभ्यता से | adequately, creditably, fine |
38 | Delicacies | fineness or intricacy of texture or structure. | व्यंजनों | weakness, debility, infirmity |
39 | Delighted | feeling or showing great pleasure. | प्रसन्न | merry, glad, rapt |
40 | Descended | move or fall downwards. | उतरा | go down, drop, fall |
41 | Destiny | luck | भाग्य | fate, fortune, happiness |
42 | Detained | keep (someone) from proceeding by holding them back or making claims on their attention. | हिरासत में लिया | retard, keep (back), slow up |
43 | Dictated | state or order authoritatively. | आरोपित | charged, imputed |
44 | Dismay | concern and distress caused by something unexpected. | बेचैनी | discomfort, restlessness, uneasiness |
45 | Distinguished | marked out, typical | विशिष्ट | specific, exclusive, special |
46 | Ecstatic | feeling or expressing overwhelming happiness or joyful excitement. | अति आनंदित | enraptured, elated, euphoric |
47 | Exquisite | extremely beautiful and delicate. | अति सुंदर | graceful, magnificent, superb |
48 | Flattered | lavish praise and compliments on (someone) | खुश | blarney, cajole, lionize |
49 | Francs | the basic monetary unit of France, Belgium, Switzerland, and several other countries | फ़्रैंक | …............... |
50 | Frigid | stiff or formal in behaviour or style. | उदासीन | indifferent, nostalgic, effortless |
51 | Furs | the short, fine, soft hair of certain animals. | फर | hair, wool, coat |
52 | Gown | a long elegant dress worn on formal occasions. | गाउन | cloak, smock, robe |
53 | Grieved | feel intense sorrow. | दुखी | mourn, lament, be sad |
54 | Haggling | dispute or bargain persistently, especially over the cost of something. | सौदेबाजी | negotiate, quibble, wrangle |
55 | Hailing | (of a large number of objects) fall or be hurled forcefully. | गिरना या जबरदस्ती फेंकना। | beat, shower, pour |
56 | Immediate | instant | तुरंत | forthwith, At once, instantaneously |
57 | Incessantly | without interruption; constantly. | निरंतर | continuously, consecutive, successive |
58 | Inscribed | imprinted | अन्तर्लिखित | hammered, toreutic, inscriptive |
59 | Latter | denoting the second or second mentioned of two people or things. | बाद वाला | last, back, hind |
60 | Loaned | lend (a sum of money or item of property). | उधार | advance, credit, allow |
61 | Marvellous | causing great wonder; extraordinary. | अनोखा | unique, comical, strange |
62 | Midst | in between | बीच | parenthesis, navel, spacing |
63 | Miserable | wretched | दुखी | destitute, necessitous, penniless |
64 | Murmuring | a low or indistinct continuous sound. | बड़बड़ा | breathe, purr, rustle |
65 | Nightfall | the onset of night; dusk. | सांझ | twilight, candle light, darkness |
66 | Pails | a bucket. | बाल्टी | canister, container, jug. |
67 | Personage | a person (used to express importance or elevated status). | व्यक्ति | individual, fellow, soul |
68 | Pot pie | a savoury pie baked in a deep dish, typically with a top crust only. | मैं चल सकता हूं | …............. |
69 | Related | narrated | सम्बंधित | respective, in question, referential |
70 | Restored | to identify | पुनः स्थापित किए गए | reinstate, put back, replace |
71 | Ruinous | disastrous or destructive | खंडहर वाला | disastrous, devastating, catastrophic |
72 | Salons | a reception room in a large house. | सैलून | …........... |
73 | Satin | a type of cloth that is smooth and shiny | साटन | …........... |
74 | Shabby | in poor condition through long use or lack of care. | जर्जर | disreputable, mangy, napless |
75 | Shivering | shaking slightly and uncontrollably as a result of being cold, frightened, or excited. | कंपकपाहट | tremble, quiver, shake |
76 | Singular | denoting or referring to just one person or thing. | एकवचन | lone, only, single |
77 | Sous | small value coin in France | सूँस | …......... |
78 | Spitefully | showing or caused by malice. | दुर्भावना से | maliciously, bitchily, cattily |
79 | Stammered | speak with sudden involuntary pauses and a tendency to repeat the initial letters of words. | हकलाया हुआ | stutter, hesitate, falter |
80 | Stricken | seriously affected by an undesirable condition or unpleasant feeling. | घायल | troubled, affected, struck |
81 | Stupefied | make (someone) unable to think or feel properly. | स्तब्ध | motionless, numbed, wonderstruck |
82 | Tureen | a deep covered dish from which soup is served. | ट्यूरेन | basin, dish, pot. |
83 | Usurers | a person who lends money at unreasonably high rates of interest. | सूदखोर | payday lender, loan shark |
84 | Vexation | the state of being annoyed, frustrated, or worried. | चिढ़ | chagrin, pinprick, peeve |
85 | Wearily | with extreme tiredness. | थकाते हुए | densely, massively, thickly. |
86 | Weeping | shedding tears. | रोना | lachrymose, slobbery, tearful |
87 | Wraps | shawls | ओढ़ना | muffle, cloak, enfold |
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About The Poet | Chapter 7 The Necklace
INTRODUCTION
The Necklace’ is a story written by Guy De Maupassant. It deals with vanity and aspirations of a woman who wish to be admired. She was unhappy with the poverty of her house, she was suffering with inferiority complex. She adorned herself with borrowed jewels. Her ambition and discontentment with her life put her into pain and suffering for ten years. When she learnt that she had wasted her life and youth for no good reason, she was devastated.
Short Summary Of Chapter 7 The Necklace
In English
SUMMARY
Matilda was dissatisfied with her life. She was from humble background and married into a reasonable family. Her aspirations and inferiority complex made her unhappy. Matilda being a middle class lady desperately wished if she were wealthy. She was very pretty and charming but had the bad luck to be born into a family of clerks. One day, M Loisel brought an invitation to a fancy ball organized by his boss, the Minister of Education. She was not delighted to see the invitation. Whereas M Loisel thought that her wife would be delighted to get the invitation. She told her husband that she did not have a good dress to wear on that occasion and asked him to give the invitation to any of his friends. Her husband M Loisel told her that she could buy a new dress for her. He was ready to compromise the money he had saved for himself to buy a gun to join some hunting parties.
Matilda bought a new dress but she was not happy as she had no accessories to wear. Her husband asked the reason of her sadness. He asked her to wear some natural flowers, but she was not convinced. Then he suggested her to borrow it from her friend, Mme Forestier. Next day she went to her friend’s house and borrowed a necklace for the ball. The night of the ball arrived and Matilda was excited for the occasion. She looked very beautiful in the dress. Everyone liked her and she was absolutely thrilled. She and her husband did not leave until 4 am. Then they caught a cab and returned home.
After she returned home and was changing her dress, Matilda wanted to admire her beauty for the last time before the mirror. Suddenly she noticed that the necklace was not around her neck. She was shocked and cried out. Her husband searched for the necklace at every place in cold weather, where they went last night. He went to the police and the cab offices. He also put an advertisement in the newspaper but the necklace was not found. So he advised her wife to write a letter to her friend telling her that she needed some time to get the necklace repaired.
At last, Matilda decided to replace it with a necklace that looks similar to it. Her husband gives her 18,000 francs which his father had left for him. He takes a loan of the remaining amount and purchase a diamond necklace for 36,000 francs. She returns the necklace to her friend Buying the necklace bought the Loisel in poverty. They lost their house, their maid, their comfortable lifestyle and on top of it all. Matilda loses her good looking face.
After ten years all the debts were finally paid. One day Matilda was walking in the Champs, Elysees and saw Mme Forestier. She was looking charming and beautiful as she had looked ten years before. Now Matilda decided to tell the story to Mme Forestier about her necklace. At this. Mme Forestier informed her that it was a fake necklace and the cost of it was five hundred francs only.
TITLE JUSTIFICATION
TITLE JUSTIFICATION
The whole narrative of the story ‘The Necklace’ revolves around a young woman Matilda, who in her foolish pride borrows a necklace inviting misery and sorrow for herself as well as for her husband. The ‘necklace’ has been lost and the Loisels fall into a tremendous debt. They spend the next ten years of their life in paying debt for the replacement of the lost necklace. Their entire life moves around impoverished everyday saga of misery and hunger and the necklace, in fact, changes the very course of their life. Also, it is against the back drop of the necklace that Matilda’s pride and dishonesty are highlighted. At the same time, the necklace serves a twist at the end as it turns out to be a fake one. The story is, hence, most aptly titled as ‘The Necklace’.
THEME
THEME
There is no doubt in saying that man’s final goal should be contentment. Human beings can never be happy if they have unlimited desires and wants. This is shown by the
character Matilda who was never happy with what she had but always desired for more and more which led her to ruin her life. Man should find happiness in what he has, rather than running after what he does not have. It could be the cause of his unhappiness and sorrow.
MESSAGE
MESSAGE
‘The Necklace is a story of a middle class lady named Matilda. She was born in a clerk family and was married to a clerk named M Loisel. Matilda was a very pretty young lady but she was dissatisfied with the poverty of her family. She wanted to have the luxuries in her life. She hated her own humble surroundings and spent her time dreaming about a fancy and luxurious life. She borrowed a necklace from her friend, Mme Forestier and lost it in the ball (party). She decided to replace it by a necklace that looked similar to it. It had cost her fortune and they had to live in a miserable condition to repay the loan they took to buy it. It is a tale of how her desire to have more led to her ruins.
CHARACTER SKETCH
CHARACTER SKETCH
- Matilda Loisel
Matilda Loisel belongs to a family of clerks. Her existence is quite average. They live on meagre income, enough for basic needs but not to fulfil aspirations. She gets married to a clerk and is so caught up with her dreams of wealth and pleasure that she is out of touch with the truths of her real life. In order to keep up appearances and just to flatter her pride, she blows up four hundred francs on a gorgeous dress. And, still not contented, she goes on borrowing a necklace from her friend. And, all of this is just to impress the wealthy and the rich with her beauty and glamour (even if on loan). No doubt, her pride is flattered and her wish of fine dining, expensive dresses and jewels has been satisfied but at a great price. Unfortunately, the necklace has lost and the couple has to cough up their entire inheritance and borrow as well to replace it. Repayment of the debt eats away the next ten years of their youth. They struggled hard. All the household chores and cares of a life of poverty visit them. Hence, her disposition invites her doom.
- Mme Forestier
Mme Forestier turns out to be an interesting character. She plays a very vital role in the story. As a friend to Matilda, we find her to be really genuine as she helps Matilda in the hour of her need. When Mme Loisel needs to borrow jewels, she turns to Mme Forestier. She does not refuse. Displaying her generosity, she opens up the entire array of her jewels for Matilda to choose from. Also, she is considerate when Loisels delays the return of the necklace. Surprisingly, at the end of the story, she concludes the entire narrative Without even a moment’s hesitation, she reveals to Matilda that her necklace was just a fake. She is not at all worried in the light of the fact that she may have to return the necklace. It shows her honesty. Rather, she, like a true friend, feels bad for Matilda at her unnecessary suffering. We find her sympathizing with Mme Loisel. She is indeed a gem of a friend.
- M. Loisel
- Loisel was a loving husband beyond any doubt. He was aware of his wife’s aspirations and so he thought that the invitation to the ball would please her and expressed no offence when she reacted negatively Instead he offered his saving to buy her an outfit suited for the occasion. Even when Matilda lost the necklace, he cooperated at every step to make up for the loss and made the necessary compromises in his life without complaining.
GLOSSARY
Borrows- takes a loan;
Destiny-luck;
Distinguished- special;
Incessantly- continuously:
Delicacies- tasty dishes;
Luxuries- comfort;
Shabby-dirty;
Tortured- gave pain;
Tureen- a deep dish for holding soup;
Delighted-felt happy;
Elegant-graceful:
Exquisite- excellent,
Despair-hopelessness;
Elated- de very happy;
Inscribed-embossed:
Spitefully- hatefully:
Murmuring-speaking in low voice difficult to hear,
Irritated-annoyed;
Impatiently-with restless:
Stammered-faltered;
Stupefied-deprived of senses;
In dismay- disappointed;
Violent-forceful;
Effort-try;
Vexation-distressing;
Calm-peaceful
Responded- replied;
Moist-wet;
Consequently- as a result;
Colleague-fellow worker,
Grieved-felt sad:
Reflected- thought;
Refusal-negative answer,
Frightened- fearful:
Economical-frugal;
Larks-a singing bird;
Nevertheless- still;
Adorn-decorate:
Stricken- injured;
Chic-lovely:
Humiliating- insulting:
Uttered- said;
Closet-locker,
Distress- trouble;
Workmanship-craft:
Ecstatic-great joy:
Anxiety-worry;
Embraced- hugged;
Enthusiasm- excitement;
Intoxicated- overpowered,
Admiration- praise;
Salons- sitting room;
Clash-struggle;
Descended- climbed down;
Detained-stopped:
Seek- to find out;
Wearily- tired;
Glory- grandeur,
Dismay- discomfort;
Cloak-overcoat;
Utterly- completely;
Bewilderment- confusion;
Disaster- mishap:
Clasp-clutch;
Dictated-order to write;
Chaplet-a garland;
Ruinous-disastrous:
Frigid- cold;
Perceive- notice;
Substitution- replacement:
Debt-loan;
Lodging- residence;
Attic- a small room;
Odious-slimy;
Soiled- dusty;
Refuse-garbage, butcher’s meat shop;
Haggling- bargaining;
Sou- penny;
Restored-paid back;
Crude-unpolished;
Pails-buckets;
Astonished-surprised;
Personage- appearance;
Decently-nicely;
Content-satisfied;
Touched-felt deeply.
TYPE I: REFERENCE TO CONTEXT (VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
TYPE II: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (30-40 WORDS EACH)
Answer the following questions:
- What kind of a person is Mme Loisel – why is she always unhappy?
Ans. Mme Loisel was an unhappy, discontented person. She was very pretty but born in a poor family, she called it an error of destiny. She thought she was born for luxuries. She had no money for dowry and could not expect to marry a rich, famous husband. She could not marry a poor clerk. The poverty of her house tortured and angered her.
- What fresh problem now disturbs Mme Loisel?
Ans. Mme Loisel has now a pretty dress ready for the party but she does not have any jewels to go with the dress and to decorate her.
- What was the cause of Matilda’s ruin? How could she have avoided it?
Ans. Matilda was a very pretty lady. She had every reason to feel vain of her looks and figure. But her vanity proved the cause of her ruin. She conquered the ball by wearing her borrowed jewels. But she lost them on her way to home. For an evening’s delight and success, she had to pay a very heavy price. She could have avoided her long misery by keeping herself within her means and by not dreaming of luxuries.
- What would have happened to Matilda if she had confessed to her friend that she had lost her necklace?
Ans. Matilda’s clean confession would have saved her all the trouble. The borrowed necklace was lost by her carelessness. Instead of pledging all her beauty, youth and happiness, she should have told Mrs. Forestier the whole story. The rich friend might not have demanded from her even the petty price of the necklace. The scenario after the confession would have been altogether different and beautiful.
- What would Matilda dream of?
Ans. Matilda would often dream of all the delicacies, luxuries, elegant dinners, marvelous dishes, rich
silver, beautiful dresses, jewels, adoration and a life of glory. She would escape into her dreams from the dullness of her very humble existence.
- Why did Matilda throw the invitation spitefully?
Ans. Matilda was simply displeased when her husband chewed the invitation. She felt humiliated and threw the invitation spitefully as she had nothing beautiful enough to wear for such a grand gathering.
- Why was Matilda an unhappy woman?
Ans. Matilda was a pretty and young lady. She was frustrated and unhappy as she wasn’t rich even after her marriage.
- What was the main reason of Matilda’s unhappiness?
Ans. Matilda suffered because she felt that she should have all luxuries of life. However she suffered a lot because she had no riches.
- Do you think M Loisel had an enjoyable evening at the ball? Give reasons.
Ans. Mme Loisel was welcomed in the ball. She was the center of attention. Her beauty, her grace, her joy and the gorgeous smile captivated all. Men sought to be presented to her. She danced happily at their conquest.
- What were Mr. Loisel’s expectations when he handed I over the invitation card to his wife?
Ans. Mr. Loisel was a clerk. When he received the invitation, he was delighted as the opportunity only would make his wife happy. He knew that everyone would wish for it and it was given to selective employees only.
- What excuse did the Loisels put up for the delay in returning the necklace?
Ans. M. Loisel was scared so her husband advised her to buy him time to arrange for the necklace. Thus, Loisel wrote a letter to Mme Forestier with an excuse that the clasp of the necklace was broken and they needed time to get it repaired.
- How hard was it for the Loisels to manage for the necklace?
Ans. Matilda had to buy a necklace similar to the one she had lost. The new necklace cost the Loisels thirty six thousand francs. M. Loisel had to lose his entire inheritance of eighteen thousand francs and the rest he had to borrow from the usurers. Both had to work hard to manage the expenses.
- How did Mme Loisel now know about the life of necessity?
Ans. Mme Loisel wasn’t satisfied with her life. But when she had to pay the debt of eighteen thousand francs, the Loisels let go of their decent living. They lived in impoverished neighbourhood. Matilda had to cook, clean, wash, mend, bring water and bargain with the butcher and grocer. Her husband worked day and night to save every penny.
- How far is it worth to call M Loisel as a loyal and supportive husband?
Ans. M Loisel was a caring and supportive husband. He sacrificed his wishes and the money he inherited from his father for his wife. He wanted to make her happy. He had no complaint against misdeeds and carelessness of his wife.
- Why was Matilda’s friend astonished to see her at the end of the story?
Ans. Jeanne, Matilda’s friend, could not recognize her as she seemed an old and worn out poor woman. Matilda was no longer her former beautiful and joyous self.
- Why didn’t Matilda visit her friend Mme Forestier?
Ans. Matilda had fascination for riches. Whenever she visited her friend, she would cry and because of despair and disappointment. Her friend’s luxurious life made her feel small, so she didn’t visit her friend often.
- How did Mr. Loisel manage to buy his wife a dress?
Ans. Mr. Loisel had saved about four hundred francs to buy a gun that he might be able to join some hunting parties the next summer, with his friends who went to shoot larks on Sunday. So he sacrificed his passion for his wife.
- How was the response of Matilda after party?
Ans. Matilda was received well at the party. She looked pretty, elegant and was full of joy. She danced with enthusiasm. Thinking of admiration she felt victorious and beautiful. She was welcomed and appreciated.
- What was ‘Frightful disaster’ that happened on the next day of the party?
Ans. Matilda had borrowed a necklace from her friend for the party but she lost it. She was scared so both husband and wife were searching for it but failed. Later her husband went to police and to the cab offices. He also put an advertisement in the newspaper. However, all their efforts were in vain.
TYPE III: LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (100-120 WORDS EACH)
Answer the following questions:
- Why did Matilda’s husband go out into the cold night minutes after returning from the ball?
Ans. When Matilda and her husband returned from the ball she realized that the necklace which she had borrowed from Mme Forestier was missing. They searched for the necklace everywhere. Matilda’s husband went out into the cold night searching for the lost necklace. He went on foot over the route. He filed police complaint and enquired cab offices and even put an advertisement in the newspaper, offering a reward. But then all his effort went in vain. He was not able to find the lost necklace.
- Matilda has fallen for her ruin. What she could have done to avoid such situation?
Ans. Matilda was a pretty young lady who was always unsatisfied with her life. For a party she had borrowed a necklace. She was elated as she looked elegant. But somewhere she lost the necklace of Mme Forestier. The losing of the necklace was the cause of her ruin. It forced them to spend the saved amount that M. Loisel inherited from his father as well as to borrow eighteen thousand francs. She could have easily avoided her ruin if she had confessed the truth to Mme Forestier. On the other hand, if she had confessed to her friend that she had lost the necklace and had apologized she might have saved her family from a lot of miseries as the necklace was not even worth 500 francs in reality.
- What changes came into the life of the Loisel after the incident of borrowing the necklace?
Ans. Matilda had been enjoying thoroughly at the ball and in the pleasure of the moment. She was elated and somehow she lost the necklace. All search was in vain and the expensive jewel had to be replaced. The dent incurred was much beyond their capacity to pay and thus they had to make severe compromises in their lifestyle. Matilda worked laboriously at the household chores while M. Loisel over worked at the office. Thus, they slogged for ten long years to pay up the loan.
QUESTIONS FOR PRACTICE
- What was Matilda’s choices for her life?
- How did M. Loisel try to keep his wife happy?
- Why did Matilda want to have a beautiful dress?
- ‘Honesty is the best policy.’ Justify the statement in the context of the story.
- ‘The necklace changed the course of the Loisels’ life.’ Elucidate.